Understanding Japanese Rental Contracts: What to Watch For > 자유게시판

When you move into a Japanese rental property, the lease agreement—often called a "rent contract" or "rental contract"—is a legal document that outlines everything from the monthly rent to the responsibilities of both tenant and landlord.
Because the language, terminology, and legal expectations often differ greatly from what you’re accustomed to, it’s essential to read the contract carefully and know what to watch for.
This guide will help you spot the key points that can make or break your rental experience in Japan.

1. Pinpoint the basic terms.
• The property’s title, location, and unit type (apartment, house, share house).
• The real‑estate agent or landlord’s name who represents the property.
• The contract length (typically 1 or 2 years) and its start and finish dates.
• The monthly rent amount and the due date (often the 10th of each month).
• Whether the property is furnished or not..
• The deposit (shikikin) and key money (reikin) amounts. The deposit is refundable, while key money is a non‑refundable fee that acts as a goodwill gift to the landlord..

2. Grasp the deposit and key money.
• The deposit is typically 1–3 months’ rent. It is meant to cover damage or unpaid rent. The landlord should give you a receipt and a copy of the deposit slip..
• Key money typically equals 1–2 months’ rent, is paid once and not refunded. If concerned, negotiate early; some landlords may accept a reduced key money or waive it for reliable tenants..
• Look out for 名古屋市東区 マンション売却 相談 extra "security deposit" provisions that could be disguised. Contracts may use "保証金" (guarantee money) or "敷金" (shikikin). Confirm you grasp the difference and its management..

3. Know the guarantor or guaranty company.
• In Japan, a guarantor (guarantee person) or a guaranty company (such as Aoyama Gakuin, M&A, or a local bank) is often required..
• The guarantor’s responsibility usually equals the entire rent plus a few months’ more. A written guarantee is required..
• If you use a guaranty company, be aware that they charge a fee (often 10% of the annual rent)..
• Check the contract for the guarantor’s conditions, especially whether the guarantor can be released after a certain period or if the guarantee automatically renews..

4. Check maintenance responsibilities.
• The agreement should detail which repairs the tenant must handle and which the landlord covers..
• Small plumbing or electrical repairs are usually the tenant’s duty..
• For major repairs (such as structural damage), the landlord should take responsibility..
• Contracts may have a "property damage" provision that could trigger a penalty if you inadvertently damage fixtures..

5. Utilities and other fees.
• Clarify which utilities (electricity, gas, water, internet, trash collection) are included in the rent and which are separate..
• Certain contracts group utilities into a "maintenance fee" (管理費) or a "common area fee.".
• If separate gas and electricity meters exist, the contract may state you pay each individually..
• Also watch for any "parking fee" or "storage fee" if the unit provides parking or storage..

6. Subletting and guests.
• Most Japanese contracts prohibit subletting without written permission from the landlord..
• If you foresee a long‑term guest or roommate, negotiate ahead of time..
• Some contracts permit "roommates" (同居人) but demand the landlord’s approval..
• Look for wording that outright prohibits "転貸" (subletting) or "転居" (moving in together)..

7. Renewal and termination terms.
• The contract generally indicates whether renewal is automatic or requires a new agreement..
• Most leases renew yearly, but the landlord may raise the rent..
• To terminate early, you typically need to give 1–3 months’ notice (often 60 days)..
• The agreement may impose a penalty for early termination, like forfeiting the deposit or paying part of the remaining rent..
• If you intend to leave before the contract expires, negotiate a "退去料" (move‑out fee) or "退去手数料" (service fee) that may be waived..

8. Rent or contract changes notice.
• The landlord may raise rent only once annually during the renewal period..
• Any rent increase must be written in the contract or a formal notice ("賃料改定通知")..
• The agreement should contain a "賃料改定" clause and the notification procedure..
• Should the landlord wish to alter terms (such as adding a pet clause), written notice is required..

9. Pet policy.
• Most Japanese apartments prohibit pets. If you own one, confirm the contract explicitly permits it..
• Some landlords require a pet deposit (ペット保証金) and a pet fee (ペット賃料)..
• The agreement might also set breed and size restrictions..

10. Language and translation.
• Contracts are generally in Japanese. If you’re not fluent, obtain a translation or have a trusted friend review it..
• Even if you understand Japanese, read the contract twice, focusing on areas that are ambiguous or have legal implications..
• Store a copy of the signed contract in Japanese and any translated version you have..

11. Final checklist before you sign.
• Confirm that all discussed details (rent, deposit, key money, guarantor, utilities, pet policy) align with the contract wording..
• Confirm the move‑in date, the procedure for handing over keys, and the condition of the property (photos, inventory list)..
• Ask the landlord or agent for a copy of the building’s fire safety certificate and any maintenance records..
• Verify that you receive a receipt for every payment before the move‑in date..
• If you have doubts, consult a legal professional or a housing rights organization..

Recognizing these key points can prevent common pitfalls like hidden fees, sudden rent hikes, or deposit disputes..
Carefully reviewing the contract and asking early questions will ensure a smooth rental experience in Japan and let you enjoy your new home with confidence..