What Causes Things Like Fatal Exception Errors? > 자유게시판

When a program like Microsoft Phrase or Excel "crashes," it means that one thing has gone critically incorrect throughout this system's execution. The working system usually recognizes that there is a critical drawback and kills off the offending software in a clean manner. When it does this, the working system will say something cryptic like "fatal exception error" (and often display a big assortment of hexadecimal numbers which might be totally useless to you, the consumer, however might be of some use to the unique programmer). The opposite manner for a program to crash is for it to take the working system down with it, meaning that it's a must to reboot. Even though there may be nothing you are able to do with the cryptic error messages, it may be good to no less than know what they imply! There is the core operating system, an operating system providers layer, maybe an encapsulation layer on high of the system companies, tons of of software program libraries, inside perform/class libraries and DLLs, and at last the primary application layer.

Java, and so on.) assist programming ideas known as exceptions and exception handling. Exceptions permit different layers to communicate issues to one another. For example, say that a program needs some memory, so it asks the working system to reserve a block of memory. If the working system is unable to honor the memory request (as a result of the requested block is too massive, or the system is low on memory, or no matter), it would "throw a memory exception" as much as the layer that made the request. Numerous layers might continue to throw the exception upward. Someplace along the road, one of the layers needs to "catch the exception" and deal with the problem. The program needs to say, "Wow -- the system is out of memory. I need to inform the person about this with a nice dialog field." If this system fails to catch the exception (because for MemoryWave some cause the programmer by no means wrote the code to handle that specific exception), the exception makes it all of the technique to the highest of all the layers, and the working system acknowledges it as an "unhandled exception." The working system then shuts down this system.

Nicely-designed software program handles all exceptions. Invalid page fault - A program makes use of memory (RAM) to retailer information. For instance, when you load a document into Microsoft Word, massive parts of the file you are modifying take up house in RAM. As this system wants memory, it requests blocks of memory of specific sizes from the operating system. The program remembers the situation of each block it allocates utilizing a "pointer." If this system tries to put in writing information to a location beyond the end of a memory block, or if the program gets confused and tries to access a non-existent block of memory utilizing an invalid pointer, the working system can see that taking place and generates a "page fault" or a "segmentation fault." The operating system shuts down the program because this system clearly doesn't know what it is doing. Illegal operation - A microprocessor has a finite number of instructions it understands, and every instruction is represented by a quantity referred to as an "opcode." The opcode forty three may imply "add," the opcode 52 may imply "multiply," etc. If the microprocessor is executing a program and comes to an opcode that it does not recognize or that it cannot execute as a result of of the present state it is in, then the microprocessor stops to complain. The working system handles this complaint by shutting down the offending program. Illegal opcodes normally come from software program jumping to a location in memory that doesn't include legitimate program data. All of those pr­oblems are caused by human error on the a part of a programmer. The programmer just isn't diligent sufficient to catch an exception, or permits the program to entry invalid memory. Sometimes, the root trigger is incompetence or inexperience, however in lots of circumstances it is the complexity of in the present day's programs. There are a whole lot of exceptions and infrequently millions of blocks of memory that a program manages in an intricate, layered atmosphere. One false move and the appliance crashes -- software could be very brittle. Testing finds many errors, but often it does not find all of them.

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